CNC Machining Saving Tips - 3-axis, 4-axis, or 5-axis?

CNC(Computer Numerical Control) is one of the critical processing techniques in manufacturing. The right axis choice could cut your CNC machining costs by up to 40% - but how do you decide?

The axis decision directly impacts your budget, lead time, and final part quality. Here's how to navigate the options:

3-Axis CNC Machining: The Cost-Efficient Workhorse

Simple linear movement along X, Y, and Z axes with a stationary workpiece, it’s a single-sided machining.

Ideal for: Flat profiles, drilling, sharp edges, and basic geometries

Biggest savings: Lowest machine/hour rates and simpler programming make it perfect for prismatic parts (plates, brackets, simple enclosures)

Watch out: Complex parts require multiple setups and custom fixtures, potentially eroding cost advantages.

  4-Axis CNC Machining: The Angular Value Solution

Adds rotation (A-axis, B-axis) around the X-axis or Y-axis for multi-face machining

Ideal for: Cylindrical parts, angled features, and continuous curved profiles (camshafts, turbine blades)

Cost advantage: Single-setup machining reduces repositioning time and improves dimensional accuracy over multiple 3-axis operations.

5-Axis CNC Machining: Complex Geometry Specialist

5-axis CNC machining simultaneous movement in 3 linear axes + 2 rotational axes (A, B, or C).     Besides, there is a special process of 3+2 machining, also called 5-axis positional machining.

Ideal for: Organic shapes, deep cavities, undercuts, and aerospace/medical components

Saves when: Eliminating multiple setups/fixtures for complex parts - the higher hourly rate is offset by reduced labor and faster completion

Choose wisely: Continuous 5-axis offers superior surface finishes while positional machining needs stopping and starting, which is faster for simpler multi-angle features.

The golden rule: Match the axis capability to your part's geometry.

Using a 5-axis machine for a simple bracket is wasteful, while forcing a 3-axis machine to create complex contours increases fixturing costs and quality risks.

Pro tip: Optimize part design for manufacturability (avoid thin walls, deep pockets, tight tolerances) regardless of axis count to unlock further savings.

Seeking more solutions with CNC machining for your project?

Request a feasibility analysis today.